| 1. | A more turbulent boundary layer, in turn, delays the local flow separation.
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| 2. | This observation is also valid for the case of a turbulent boundary layer.
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| 3. | Conducted the seminal experiments that detailed the fluid compliant surface interactions in turbulent boundary layers.
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| 4. | However, the turbulent boundary layer will have higher viscous loss compares to the laminar one.
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| 5. | Aeroplane wings are often engineered with vortex generators on the upper surface to produce a turbulent boundary layer.
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| 6. | The turbulent boundary layer separating later is similar to the effect produced by dimples in a golf ball.
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| 7. | The fuller velocity profile of the turbulent boundary layer allows it to sustain the adverse pressure gradient without separating.
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| 8. | The treatment of turbulent boundary layers is far more difficult due to the time-dependent variation of the flow properties.
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| 9. | Applying this technique to the boundary layer equations gives the full turbulent boundary layer equations not often given in literature:
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| 10. | Turbulent boundary layers tend to be able to sustain an adverse pressure gradient better than an equivalent laminar boundary layer.
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